The fan-out effect REPORT

What happens between a query and a citation?

New research from 17k queries and 354k pages reveals what actually gets your content cited by ChatGPT and what doesn't. From retrieval rank and heading structure to freshness and domain authority, find out what matters and what doesn't.

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6% increase in AI-atttributed signups in days

Webflow 5xed content refresh velocity and increased visibility across Google and ChatGPT

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3x increase in AI search citations

Chime went from being recommended in 24 to 68 priority questions

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George Bonaci VP of Growth, Ramp

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Nicole Baer, CMO, Carta

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50% cut in production costs, thanks to the elimination of external agencies and manual tasks.

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“As CMO at Apollo.io, I've witnessed firsthand how AI is transforming marketing from a cost center into a precision revenue engine.”

Marcio Arnecke, CMO, Apollo

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What you’ll learn inside the playbook

What you'll walk away with

Retrieval rank

Rank is the dominant signal in AI search

A page at position 0 in ChatGPT's search results has a 58% chance of being cited. By position 10, that drops to 14%. A 4x gap driven by rank alone and even strong content can't overcome a weak position.

Heading match

Your headings decide if AI cites you

Pages with headings that closely match the user's query are cited 41% of the time vs. 29% for weak matches. The relationship is monotonic: better heading match, more citations. Headings are the lever most teams are ignoring.

Content structure

Focused pages beat comprehensive guides

Pages covering 26-50% of ChatGPT's fanout sub-queries get cited more than pages covering 100%. Be the best answer to one question, not an adequate answer to five.

Schema & signals

Schema markup is still your hidden advantage

Pages with JSON-LD structured data are cited 38.5% of the time vs. 32.0% without. A +6.5pp advantage that holds regardless of word count, headings, or domain authority.

Length & readability

Long-form is losing. College-level writing is winning.

The sweet spot is 500-2,000 words. Pages over 5,000 words get cited less than pages under 500. Meanwhile, college-level writing (Flesch-Kincaid 16-17) is cited 21% more often than simple writing.

Case studies

No hype. Real wins.

“The most successful marketing teams in the AI era will be those who build content for how the internet actually works. This isn’t a transition. It’s a transformation.”

Nicole Baer

CMO, carta

“Velocity is the most important thing. If you’re not failing, you’re not moving fast enough or being creative enough.”

George Bonaci

VP of Growth, Ramp

“AirOps has proven that AI can deliver real results for our clients, meeting our high quality bar, at scale.“

Ethan Smith

CEO,Graphite

who is this for

Built for the teams optimizing for AI search

SEO and content leaders adapting strategy for AI search
Growth and demand gen teams building pipeline from AI channels
Marketing agencies advising clients on AEO
CMOs and VPs evaluating how AI search changes their content investment

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the fanout effect?

What are the biggest findings?

Who should read this?

Does traditional SEO still matter?

How is this different from other AI search research?